Value Investing Foundation: Graham's principles often revolve around value investing, which involves finding stocks that are undervalued compared to their intrinsic worth.

Margin of Safety: Graham popularized the concept of the margin of safety, emphasizing the importance of buying stocks at prices significantly below their intrinsic value to protect against downside risk.

Fundamental Analysis: Focus on fundamental analysis, examining a company's financial statements, earnings potential, management quality, and competitive position in the market.

Long-Term Perspective: Graham advocated for a long-term investment horizon, believing that short-term market fluctuations often obscure a stock's true value.

Contrarian Approach: Buying when others are fearful and selling when others are greedy is a key idea associated with Graham. This contrarian approach aims to take advantage of market irrationality.

Risk Management: Understanding and managing risk was fundamental to Graham's philosophy. This involved diversification, careful selection of undervalued stocks, and avoiding speculative investments.

Emotional Discipline: Controlling emotions, such as fear and greed, is crucial in making rational investment decisions. Graham emphasized the importance of discipline in sticking to a well-thought-out investment strategy.

Investing vs. Speculating: Graham distinguished between investing, which involves thorough analysis and a margin of safety, and speculating, which relies more on market trends and short-term speculation.

Market Inefficiencies: Graham believed that markets are not always efficient and that careful analysis can uncover opportunities where stock prices diverge from a company's intrinsic value.

Continuous Learning: Graham was an advocate of continuous learning. Investors should constantly improve their understanding of the market, refine their strategies, and adapt to changing conditions.